Anaerobyl (Metronidazole): Uses, Side Effects, Precautions and Dosage Information

Anaerobyl is a well-known South African brand of metronidazole, an antibiotic effective against anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites. It is widely prescribed for its efficacy in treating a range of infections. Available in 400 mg and 200 mg tablet strengths, Anaerobyl caters to different medical needs depending on the severity and type of infection. This article provides a comprehensive guide to its uses, side effects, precautions, and dosage recommendations.

---

What is Anaerobyl?

Anaerobyl contains metronidazole, an antibiotic that works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and parasites. Its action targets anaerobic organisms, which thrive in environments with little to no oxygen. The medication is commonly used to treat infections in areas such as the abdomen, pelvis, vagina, and intestines.

---

Uses of Anaerobyl

Anaerobyl is effective in treating the following conditions:

1. Bacterial Vaginosis

This infection occurs when the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted. Anaerobyl helps restore this balance by eliminating the harmful bacteria.

2. Trichomoniasis

Caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, this sexually transmitted infection (STI) can lead to discomfort and complications if left untreated. Anaerobyl is highly effective in eradicating this parasite.

3. Amebiasis

This is an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It can result in severe diarrhoea (amebic dysentery) and liver abscesses. Anaerobyl is a key treatment for both intestinal and extra-intestinal forms of the disease.

4. Giardiasis

This infection of the small intestine is caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia. Symptoms include diarrhoea, stomach cramps, and bloating. Anaerobyl effectively combats the infection.

5. Anaerobic Bacterial Infections

Anaerobyl is used to treat various anaerobic bacterial infections, including:

• Abdominal infections such as peritonitis
• Pelvic infections like pelvic abscesses
• Brain infections such as brain abscesses

6. Post-Surgical Prophylaxis

In some cases, Anaerobyl 400 mg is recommended before surgical procedures to prevent infections caused by anaerobic bacteria.

---

Dosage Guidelines

Anaerobyl is available in two strengths: 400 mg and 200 mg. The dosage depends on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient’s age and weight. Below are general guidelines:

1. Anaerobyl 400 mg

• Adults: Typically prescribed 400 mg every 8 hours for anaerobic infections. The treatment duration usually ranges from 5 to 10 days but may extend based on the condition.
• Severe Infections: Higher doses or longer courses may be necessary for conditions like brain abscesses or severe pelvic infections.

2. Anaerobyl 200 mg

• Adults: Often used for milder infections or as part of combination therapy. Dosage is typically 200 mg every 8 hours.
• Children: Paediatric doses are calculated based on body weight. For instance, a child with giardiasis might receive 200 mg twice daily, adjusted to their specific needs.

Note: Always adhere to your healthcare provider’s prescription and complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve early.

---

Side Effects of Anaerobyl

While Anaerobyl is generally well-tolerated, some individuals may experience side effects. These vary depending on the dose and the patient’s overall health.

Common Side Effects:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Metallic taste in the mouth
• Abdominal cramps or bloating
• Diarrhoea
• Headache or dizziness
• Fatigue
• Dark-coloured urine

Serious Side Effects:

While rare, serious side effects may include:

• Seizures
• Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet (peripheral neuropathy)
• Severe allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing
• Liver dysfunction or jaundice

Side Effects by Dosage:

• 200 mg: Generally associated with fewer and milder side effects due to the lower dose.
• 400 mg: Higher doses may lead to more pronounced effects such as dizziness, fatigue, or gastrointestinal discomfort.

If you experience any severe or unusual symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.

---

Precautions and Warnings

Before starting Anaerobyl, it is essential to discuss your medical history and any potential risks with your healthcare provider. Here are some key precautions:

1. Allergies

Inform your doctor if you have a known allergy to metronidazole or similar medications.

2. Liver or Kidney Disease

Patients with liver or kidney conditions may require dosage adjustments, especially for the 400 mg strength.

3. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

• Pregnancy: Metronidazole crosses the placenta and is generally avoided in the first trimester unless absolutely necessary.
• Breastfeeding: As metronidazole is excreted in breast milk, breastfeeding should be discussed with your doctor.

4. Alcohol Consumption

Avoid alcohol during treatment and for at least 48 hours after completing the course. Combining metronidazole with alcohol can lead to a disulfiram-like reaction, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, flushing, and headaches.

5. Drug Interactions

Inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you’re taking, as Anaerobyl may interact with:

• Warfarin: Increases the risk of bleeding.
• Lithium: May elevate lithium levels in the blood.
• Cimetidine: May enhance the effects of metronidazole.

---

Storage Instructions

• Store Anaerobyl tablets at room temperature, away from direct sunlight, moisture, and heat.
• Keep the medication out of reach of children.

---

Conclusion

Anaerobyl is a versatile and effective antibiotic for treating various bacterial and parasitic infections. Its availability in 400 mg and 200 mg strengths allows healthcare providers to tailor treatment based on the infection’s severity and patient’s needs. While generally well-tolerated, understanding potential side effects and adhering to precautions is vital for safe and effective use.

Always consult your healthcare provider for personalised advice and guidance when using Anaerobyl. Proper adherence to the prescribed dosage and treatment duration ensures optimal results while minimising risks.

FAQs About Anaerobyl